(8/12) Regardless of AFP, water freezing progresses from outside to inside. Namely, numerous single ice crystals (page 2) are first generated near the vessel or the water front. Note that these embryo single ice crystals are often called "ice nuclei", and their generation in chilled (supercooled) water is explained as "homogenous- or heterogenous ice nucleation process" [1] that depends on the purity of the water. When AFPs are present, they are targetting a specific ice plane of each single ice crystal and adsorb onto it (page 4). The ice crystals coated by numerous AFPs are inhibited their growth and assembly, so that become a dispersion state. There is no force to concentrate the ink particles, and that inks are presented dispersively between the single ice crystals. This leads to a creation of the red-colored ice (movie). (->next) (->page1) (->home) |
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